![]() This chapter focuses on three areas: brain structure and function (neuroanatomy), brain activity (functional brain imaging), and gene effects (genetics). Generational factors also affect general levels of well-being and distress. Birth cohorts are another social influence that shapes mental health. ![]() Social inequality relates not only to economic and work conditions but is also an aspect of all social institutions. ![]() ![]() Contemporary studies in the sociology of mental health confirm the importance of social integration as a fundamental cause of well-being. Emile Durkheim's study, Suicide, is generally regarded as the first explicitly sociological study of mental health. Most research that takes place in clinical settings examines particular types of mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Many sociologists study how social conditions affect levels of mental health. The distinctive emphasis of sociological approaches is on how processes such as life events, social conditions, social roles, social structures, and cultural systems of meaning affect states of mind. Sociological approaches to psychological well-being are fundamentally different.
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